Typology and Comparative Analysis:
This artifact represents a specialized weapon form belonging to the Circumpontic Metallurgical Province, showing distinct hybrid features of two specific regional traditions: The Caucasian Connection (Blade Profile): The blade's slender, downward-curving geometry is a near-exact morphological match to the axes from the Zeda Ilemi Hoard (Western Georgia), dated to the first half of the 3rd Millennium BC. Like the Zeda Ilemi specimens (and those from Saqasria), this axe is designed for agility and precision hookher than heavy percussive force. The Balkan/Aegean Connection (Socket Features): Unlike the standard Zeda Ilemi type, this specimen features pronounced socket collars (thickened edges) and a casting seam/rib on the rear. These are diagnostic features of the Veselinovo Type (Fajsz Variant) axes found in Epirus (Rodotopi Hoard) and the broader Central Balkan region. Attribution & Function The combination of the Caucasian blade profile with the Balkan socket construction places this object within the interaction zone of the Black Sea littoral. While heavy axes of this shape (800g+) served as tools or ingots, the light weight (233 g) and thin cross-section of this artifact identify it definitively as a Battle-Axe. It was designed as a fast, armor-piercing sidearm or a votive weapon, likely dating to the Martkopi / **Early Kurgan** period in the East or the EBA II--III period in the West.
